High-precision green densities of thick films and their correlation with powder,ink, and film properties

A precise geometrical method employing optical profilometry for green density measurements of thick films is presented that provides a typical reproducibility of 0.1–0.2% theoretical density (TD) and a measurement uncertainty of 0.2–0.4% TD for layer thicknesses of around 50 μm. The procedure can be applied for all thick films with a dried thickness of 10 μm or greater. In a case study, the green densities of screen-printed zirconia layers were investigated as a function of the starting powders (grain sizes from 0.1 to 0.4 μm), the solid content, the chain length of ethyl cellulose as binder and its concentration, and two different dispersants and their concentration. Rheological ink properties, surface roughness, drying stresses from deflection measurements, the mechanical properties of green films, and the equivalent compaction pressure were measured and correlated with the green density data. Compressive binder forces and lubrication effects dominated the packing of the particles.     

微波处理对纤维素产糖能力的影响

采用纤维素为原料,以离子液体为溶剂,在微波辐射下进行纤维素的预处理。预处理完成后进行再生纤维素的酶解产糖,并采用DNS分光光度计法进行还原糖产率的测定,进而分析微波功率与时间对再生纤维素还原糖产率的影响。还原糖转化率最佳值(96.21%)出现在微波功率为230W处理5min时;稻杆产糖量随着微波时间的延长而呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在较强的功率539W条件下,延长作用时间则会引起还原糖转化率的上升,但继续延长时间,溶剂完全喷溅,难以继续进行处理。     

超滤技术去除羟基喜树碱中细菌内毒素的研究

考察了超滤技术去除羟基喜树碱原料药中细菌内毒素的效果。采用10 kDa截留分子量超滤膜对羟基喜树碱原料药溶解液进行超滤,以动态浊度法定量检测超滤前后羟基喜树碱中细菌内毒素的含量。结果表明:样液超滤前细菌内毒8.103 5 EU/mL,超滤后为0.307 6 EU/mL,内毒素去除率为96.20%,其有效成分羟基喜树碱的透过率为96.1%。超滤技术可以很好的去除羟基喜树碱原料药溶解液中细菌内毒素,有效成分损失极其微少,可提高其用药安全性。     

过氧化氢漂白稻草纤维素实验条件初探

以预处理后的稻草纤维素为原料,以白度为指标,以过氧化氢为漂白剂,硅酸钠为稳定剂,分别考察了漂白次数和稳定剂用量对指标的影响,结果表明,以质量分数为3％的硅酸钠为稳定剂,两段漂白效果最佳。最佳二段漂白条件为：一段：过氧化氢浓度为3％,温度为70℃,反应时间为60 min, pH为10～11;二段：过氧化氢浓度为5％,温度为70℃,反应90 min, pH为10～11,在该条件下稻草纤维素白度最佳,为74．3。     

超声作用对短切碳纤维在水溶液中分散性的影响

利用超声波振动对短切碳纤维进行分散。研究了超声振动功率、时间及分散剂质量分数对短切碳纤维在水溶液中分散性的影响。结果表明,超声振动和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)分散剂的添加能显著改善短切碳纤维的分散性;在一定范围内,短切碳纤维分散率随着超声波振动功率和作用时间先增加后趋于饱和;HPMC在水溶液中的质量分数为0.13%时分散性较好,超声振动功率为800 W,振动7 min时短切碳纤维在水溶液中可达到较好的分散效果。     

土壤调理剂及复合微生物菌剂防治烟草青枯病盆栽试验

通过盆栽试验研究了土壤调理剂及复合微生物菌剂对防治烟草青枯病的效果,并与PPF促生真菌试验效果进行了对比。试验结果表明,复合微生物菌剂和土壤调理剂对烟草青枯病均有较好的防治效果,其中复合微生物菌剂在促进烟株生长和防治烟草青枯病方面表现更好。     

新型方法制备固定化脲酶基质材料及固定化脲酶的性能研究

以微晶纤维素(Microcrystalline cellulose,MCC)为原料,采用新型水热氧化方法,制备纤维素基质固定化脲酶载体材料-双醛纤维素(Dialdehyde cellulose,DAC)。采用红外光谱(IR)、固体核磁共振(CP/MAS 13C NMR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征产物结构。测试制备的纤维素基质固载脲酶的酶学性能,并与交联壳聚糖、双醛淀粉固载脲酶的酶学性能进行比较分析,构建酶学性能理论方程。结果表明:采用新型水热氧化反应可成功制备高醛基含量的氧化纤维素,与交联壳聚糖和双醛淀粉固定化脲酶相比,所得氧化纤维素载体材料固定化脲酶的米氏常数小(0.0108mol·L-1),对底物亲和能力强,重复使用率高,在pH=5.0~9.0能保持酶活性,建立的理论方程较好地表征了固载酶酶学性能。     

NCC负载纳米TiO2复合膜的表征

采用交替沉积自组装的方法制备聚乙烯醇（PVA）/纳米纤维素（NCC）-纳米TiO2/PVA复合膜,用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征,结果表明PVA/NCC-纳米TiO2/PVA复合膜形貌规整,NCC负载纳米TiO2粒子只是物理共混,没有化学键合.性能分析结果表明PVA/NCC-纳米TiO2/PVA复合膜在紫外光区有较强吸收,较高的拉伸强度109.5 MPa,且比PVA膜热稳定性好,热分解温度提高约20℃.     

ZnCl2水溶液制备纤维素膜的研究

以针叶浆为原料,ZnCl2水溶液为溶解溶剂,制备再生纤维素膜。利用单因数实验分析了纤维素膜制各过程中浆浓、反应温度、溶解时间对纤维素膜强度的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为浆浓3％、反应温度90℃、溶解时间为2h。并通过X-射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）分析,比较经ZnCl2水溶液处理前后纤维的结构和性能变化,发现ZnCl2水溶液是纤维素的非衍生化溶剂,经ZnCl2水溶液处理后的纤维素已由纤维素I转换为纤维素II,制备的再生纤维素膜具有一定的强度,且具有多孔性的特征。     

Preparation and Characterization of C10–C14 Alkyl Cellulose Ester Sulfate Surfactant

The aim of this work is to synthesize surfactants based on cellulose with different molecular weights. Raw cotton cellulose was tailored into cellulose segments with different molecular weights by a hydrothermal process, then the average degree of polymerization (DP) was determined by viscosimetry and the molecular weight distribution was estimated by gel permeation chromatography. The C₁₀–C₁₄ alkyl cellulose ester sulfate surfactants were prepared by hydrophilic sulfonation and hydrophobic esterification. The surface tension of the surfactants solution was obtained by the Wilhelmy plate method. Results showed that the cellulose segments presented a broader distribution compared with the raw material. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value decreased from 1.08 to 0.86 wt% as the hydrophobic chain length was increased from 10 to 14. The CMC values of cellulose surfactants with C₁₄-acyl chloride hydrophobization decreased from 1.32 to 0.86 wt% as the DP was decreased from 2,700 to 296.